If the value is 0 no limit is used instead. l13Diff.maxFileSize - Indicates the maximum file size in MB for a comparison.l13Diff.ignoreContents - If true files will only be compared by size and the contents will be ignored.relative - Show only the relative paths.compact - Show relative paths including base folders.complete - (default) Show relative paths including the common path.l13Diff.labelFormat - Indicates how the label of a tab should be formatted.expanded - Show all groups expanded at start.collapsed - Show all groups collapsed at start.remember - (default) Remember the collpased and expanded state of each group.l13Diff.initialFavoriteGroupsState - Set the initial state of a group.nfirmOpenMultipleDiffPanels - If true Compare All and Compare All Side By Side shows a dialog if more than 3 diff panels will be opened at once.Is not used if you have to decide which side have to be deleted. nfirmDelete - If false confirm dialog for deleting files does not appear.nfirmCaseInsensitiveCopy - If false confirm dialog for copying case sensitive on a case insensitive file system does not appear.nfirmCopy - If false confirm dialog for copying files does not appear.nfirmCaseInsensitiveCompare - If false confirm dialog for comparing case insensitive on a case sensitive file system does not appear.l13Diff.openInNewDiffPanel - If true a click on a favorite diff or a previous comparison opens in a new diff panel.** matches any number of path segments including none e.g.? matches on one character in a path segment.* matches zero or more characters in a path segment e.g.If the folder is part of the current workspace, the workspace settings will be used instead of the local settings. vscode/settings.json file and is not the current workspace folder, the file will be automatically detected and the values of the property will also be used for the comparison. If the folder for a comparison or one of its parent folders contains the. l13Diff.exclude - A list of files and folders which should be ignored.off - Disable case sensitive file names.detect - (default) Detect the file system case sensitivity.This also affects the property l13Diff.exclude. eCaseSensitiveFileName - Indiciates if filenames should be treated as case sensitive for a comparison.l13Diff.abortOnError - If false scan process will not be canceled if an error occurs.l13Diff.openToSide - Set true if a diff or file should open to the side.l13Diff.maxRecentlyUsed - Defines the max length of recently used entries in the menu.Import Favorites - Import favorites and groups from a JSON file. ![]() Export Favorites - Export all favorites and groups to a JSON file.Show Output Channel - Open the output channel for the current comparison.Delete All Favorites - Delete all favorites.Clear History - Clear the history of recently used files, folders and previous comparisons.Added Import Favorites to import favorites and groups from a JSON file.Added Export Favorites to export favorites and groups as a JSON file.Compare two folders in Visual Studio Code.
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The book notes that Over the Falls became “an operational and maintenance challenge.” And while some people who posted memories of Over the Falls on Facebook mentioned the stink, more posted affectionate recollections. “The water smelled like a combination of the nearby dirty toilets and Irondequoit Bay.” By 1976, Kurycki wrote that the “smelly journey” which included “bumping through old, ill-kept tunnels” wasn’t worth it. “As a kid, nothing frightened me more,” she wrote. Mary Rita Kurycki wrote about the ride in a 1976 Democrat and Chronicle story. Filtration may have been an issue, as the water, at times, was, well, stinky. In later years, though, it wasn’t soap that some riders remembered. They slip and slide all over the place.’” ‘The kids are riding as if they’ve never seen it before. A park employee said the soap would be flushed from the water, “but not before a lot of fun was had. ![]() “Suddenly, it seemed as if every youngster wanted to take a bath,” the story reported. A 1965 Democrat and Chronicle story described one of those incidents as “a mass of soap suds.” On at least a few occasions, pranksters made a soapy spectacle of Over the Falls when detergent was dropped in the water. Over the Falls was in the middle of Seabreeze (which previously was called Dreamland Park), between the Jack Rabbit roller coaster and a “kiddieland.” The lagoon that was created to hold water for the ride forever changed the landscape in that part of the park, the book notes. ![]() Said Jeff Bailey, Seabreeze’s marketing manager, “The Over the Falls cars were built like tanks.” The boats, made of wood bolted to angle irons, were much heavier than the fiberglass version used in the modern Log Flume. The ride had a huge paddle wheel as part of the attraction. The hill was 40 feet tall, the fall quite steep, the splash that followed quite huge. Over the Falls was a bit more of a thriller than Caulfield prefers. I was one of the people put in it to test it. ![]() “They put sandbags in (the boats) at first, to make sure they were safe,” said Caulfield, now 85. He worked at the park when Over the Falls debuted and helped caulk the boats to make them water-tight. Matthew Caulfield of Irondequoit is the Seabreeze archivist and historian. “While Seabreeze’s boats made it through the channel without problems, Euclid Beach’s got stuck and had to be reworked.” “He built them a few inches narrower than the plans specified,” the book states. As the Images book notes, Long realized during construction that adjustments needed to be made to the boats. Longtime park owner George Long had purchased plans for the ride from Euclid Beach Park in Cleveland and had it assembled here. Seabreeze introduced the ride in 1958 as part of a park expansion. ![]() SpringLayout lays out the children of its associated container according to a set of constraints, as shall be seen in How to Use SpringLayout. For example, you might define that the left edge of one component is a certain distance (which can be dynamically calculated) from the right edge of a second component. It lets you specify precise relationships between the edges of components under its control. The default layout manager for an applet is a FlowLayout object. SpringLayout is a flexible layout manager designed for use by GUI builders. NORTH) Button bottomButton new Button(Bottom) add(bottomButton, BorderLayout. For further details, see How to Use GroupLayout. The Find window shown above is an example of a GroupLayout. ![]() Consequently, however, each component needs to be defined twice in the layout. The layout is defined for each dimension independently. GroupLayout works with the horizontal and vertical layouts separately. GroupLayout is a layout manager that was developed for use by GUI builder tools, but it can also be used manually. GridLayout simply makes a bunch of components equal in size and displays them in the requested number of rows and columns.įor further details, see How to Use GridLayout. Add each button to a new JPanel with a FlowLayout (1 JPanel per button, so buttons are wrapped by a FlowLayout), and then add each of those JPanels to C. The rows in the grid can have different heights, and grid columns can have different widths.įor further details, see How to Use GridBagLayout. Slide 3 AWT and Swing components The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is an older technology for creating GUIs that look and act a little different on d ifferent. JButton button new JButton(Button 1 (PAGESTART)) pane.add(button, BorderLayout.PAGESTART) //. It aligns components by placing them within a grid of cells, allowing components to span more than one cell. .//Container pane aFrame.getContentPane(). GridBagLayout is a sophisticated, flexible layout manager. Both panels in CardLayoutDemo, shown previously, use FlowLayout.įor further details, see How to Use FlowLayout. It simply lays out components in a single row, starting a new row if its container is not sufficiently wide. So only password appears in BorderLayout.CENTER as it replaces other components. All the components in your code are added to BorderLayout.CENTER when there is no argument in add () method. FlowLayoutįlowLayout is the default layout manager for every JPanel. BorderLayout is a default layout for JFrame. Tabbed pane, which provides similar functionality but with a pre-defined GUI.įor further details, see How to Use CardLayout. I use a BorderLayout combined with a FlowLayout, which works perfectly when I set up the BorderLayout.NORTH. An alternative to using CardLayout is using a A CardLayout is often controlled by a combo box, with the state of the combo box determining which panel (group of components) the CardLayout displays. The CardLayout class lets you implement an area that contains different components at different times. ![]() It respects the components' requested maximum sizes and also lets you align components.įor further details, see How to Use BoxLayout. The BoxLayout class puts components in a single row or column. JToolBar must be created within a BorderLayout container, if you want to be able to drag and drop the bars away from their starting positions.įor further details, see How to Use BorderLayout. All extra space is placed in the center area. Using Top-Level Containers explains, the content pane is the main container in all frames, applets, and dialogs.) A BorderLayout places components in up to five areas: top, bottom, left, right, and center. ![]() If you are interested in using JavaFX to create your GUI, seeĮvery content pane is initialized to use a BorderLayout. Otherwise, if you want to code by hand and do not want to use GroupLayout, then GridBagLayout is recommended as the next most flexible and powerful layout manager. If you are not interested in learning all the details of layout management, you might prefer to use the GroupLayout layout manager combined with a builder tool to lay out your GUI. JToolBar can increase the height as and when the added components preferredSize is set.Note: This lesson covers writing layout code by hand, which can be challenging. This code doesnt really seem to make sense. ![]() “These frogs are really hard to find, and that leads to them being understudied,” said Michelle Thompson, a researcher and ecologist at the Field Museum of Nature History. (Good News Network)Ī group of biologists in the Amazon discovered a tiny new species of burrowing frog, thanks to its unique “beep” sound.Įven though Peru locals have known about this species for years, the frog remained elusive to biologists and other researchers until recently. This discovery was possible thanks to the “beep” sound the amphibian makes underground. Scientists discover a new species of chocolate frog Biologists and scientists discover a new species of chocolate frog called Synapturanus danta. Jones, chancellor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “This is some of the best news I have heard in this space for years and this is a transformational moment for so many Chicago families,” said Robert J. This nonprofit organization launched in fall 2021 and it is led by former Chicago Public Schools CEO Janice Jackson. The scholarship program responsible for the news is called Hope Chicago, and it committed to raising $1 billion in support and funding over the next decade, having already raised $40 million. Students at five different Chicago public schools received news this week that all their colleges expenses: tuition, room and board, books, fees and taxes will be paid for. Other female musicians such as H.E.R, Doja Cat, Saweetie, Phoebe Bridgers, Karol G and Summer Walker were also recognized at the Billboard awards this year, which focused on celebrating the achievements of top female performers and executives in the music industry.Ĭhicago high school students surprised with free college ride ![]() ![]() “I’m constantly moved by your vulnerability and your creativity and bravery, and I promise everyone here today is working to make this world and this industry a better place for you,” she added. “Every woman here today is working to break down those barriers and change the narrative and support each other,” Rodrigo said. (AP News)Īctress and singer Olivia Rodrigo spoke about being lucky for her career and praised other female artists in the industry during her acceptance speech for the Billboard’s 2022 Woman of the Year award. She was awarded the Billboard’s 2022 Woman of the Year award and praised other female artists in the industry during her acceptance speech. Musician and actress Olivia Rodrigo attends the Billboard awards in Inglewood, California. If the code you’re trying to use has expired, we aren’t able to help. We can’t help with codes that have already been used on other players’ accounts. If you bought the game secondhand, it’s likely that the original owner used the code already. They should be able to help you get a new code. Your best bet is to go back to the retailer you bought the code from. Read all instructions carefully so you don't miss out! It says my code has already been redeemed. Some codes may even give you extra content when you redeem them at a specific URL. The EA app or Origin will send you to that URL when possible, but double check the product code instructions to make sure you redeem your code in the right place. What should I do?Ĭheck the instructions that came with your code - they should list the URL where you should go to redeem your product code. I got a message saying my product code can't be redeemed through the EA app or Origin for Mac. Find the game you want to buy in the store.Click Pay Now to complete your purchase.On the Review Order page, click Enter Promo Code >. ![]() Choose to pay with a saved payment method, enter in a new payment method, or use your EA Wallet.If there’s only one edition of the game available, click Purchase.If there are different editions of the game available, click Select edition to choose the edition you want to buy, then click Buy.Select Browse to find the game you want to buy.Find the code you want to redeem and click Copy Code, then follow the instructions under How to use.If you dismissed the pop-up in-game, you can still find your code in your EA Account Settings. If you got an Offers and Promotions code that appears in-game, you can collect it directly there. You usually can't use them on games less than a month old, virtual currency, memberships and subscriptions, game time cards, third-party games, or with any other current sale or promotion. Restrictions on promo codes vary from game to game and promotion to promotion. Redeem your promo code during the checkout process. ![]() Promotional (promo) codes can give you discounts on your purchases. Subscriptions and virtual currency codes, like for SimPoints, can be redeemed at the URL in your code’s instructions. Redeem your EA Gift Cards in your EA Account and Billing settings. Gift cards, subscriptions, and virtual currency codes Those games include, but are not limited to: Some of our classic games cannot be redeemed on the EA app or Origin and can only be played if you still have the game disc. Redeem your codes there to play your games and get any additional bonus content. Some codes for bonus content in The Sims 3 need to be redeemed on The Sims 3 website. ![]() Go to your computer's top menu to select Games and Redeem Product Code.Log in with the EA Account where you want to add the game. ![]() Redeem your product code in the Origin client for Mac Once you’ve redeemed your code, your game will appear in your account. Redeem your product code in your EA Account Settings
![]() He performs at small theaters, bars, comedy clubs, colleges and DIY venues. Krish Mohan is a socially conscious, Indian standup comedian and writer who regularly tours the country. 18th at 8 PM, Tickets are ONLY 5, Grab yours now before its too late at. Bill Hicks brother Steve said Lee is one of only a handful with Bills message and passion. JAFFER KHAN (Redacted Tonight, Comedy Central, CBS) is headlining the club next. He's toured the country and the world with his fierce brand of standup comedy, and George Carlins daughter Kelly said hes one of the few comics keeping her fathers torch lit. ![]() Recently, he released his debut one hour stand up special 'The Manic Depressive Chocolate Fountain Operator,' directed by Brendan Canty of Fugazi on the 800 Pound Gorilla Records label. The satirical program Redacted Tonight mimics the style of The Daily Show but it airs on RT America, produced by a company the Trump administration required last month to register as a foreign. Lee Camp is the head writer and host of the national TV show Redacted Tonight with Lee Camp. O'Donnell was a correspondent on the radical comedy news TV show, ‘Redacted Tonight,’ for 5 years. ashton womack (the daily show), naomi karavani (redacted tonight). VIP Tickets includes a copy of Lee's new book, "Bulletpoints & Punchlines"! Friday Night Stand-Up with John F ODonnell Last Best Comedy, Multiple dates and times - John F. Choose your seat, choose ticket type New Deal (change from Standard), and use promo. ![]() ONE NIGHTONLY! Lee Camp of Redacted Tonight comes to Atlanta, GA at the Village Theater for a Live Stand Up Comedy & Book Release event! PLUS Q&A after the show! Atlanta: Lee Camp (Redacted Tonight) - Stand Up Comedy & Book Release Show in Atlanta! ![]() Rather, you will simply be issued a credential with the default lifetime that the identity provider is configured to issue - typically 10 days. When activating on GCSv4 endpoints that use a CILogon identity provider there is no way to request a specific credential lifetime. However, no matter what credential lifetime you request, you will never be issued a credential that is longer than the maximum credential lifetime than the MyProxy server is configured to issue. Globus endpoint activate command with the -proxy-lifetime option, or in the web interface by clicking on the "advanced" link on the web page when prompted to authenticate to the GCSv4 endpoint. You can do this on the Globus command line interface by using the Provider, you can specify the lifetime of the credential you are requesting. When authenticating on a GCSv4 endpoint that uses a MyProxy identity Longer than the maximum credential lifetime for which an identity provider isĬonfigured. It is not possible for an end user to be issued credentials that will last Large files over high latency links can benefit from higher parallelism. ![]() ![]() Parallelism can divide and send a file’s data blocks over multiple TCP streams, however, all the TCP streams have the same source and destination GridFTP server process. We need to add Basic Authentication so that users can log in. Regular FTP sends a file over one TCP stream, which isn’t ideal for high latency, high throughput links. Step 2: Add Basic Authentication to your FTP site. So concurrency is great for driving more filesystem processes, CPU cores, and even machine nodes, in addition to opening more network data streams. Also note that each session may be to a different server if you had DNS round robining, a load balancer, or multiple physical DTNs defined in Globus. Files are divided among the sessions, so this only works if you have multiple files in a job (most users do). Thus, a concurrency (cc) of 4 would drive 4 GridFTP processes, so you have 4 processes driving IO (each one working on a different file). Each login session starts a GridFTP process on the server, usually via xinetd. Opens multiple login sessions (also known as control channel sessions). One-time license fee for play on account’s designated primary PS4™ system and other PS4™ systems when signed in with that account. Software subject to license (us./softwarelicense). Hellraid Level Lobby The Story Mode (Blue) portal is now closer to the center of the Lobby (opposite of Raid Mode (Red) portal) Armory The entirely reworked Armory now includes all Hellraid Weapons and Items Armory Added Inspect Weapon on item showcases, which displays the weapon’s story of origin Tower New. Online features require an account and are subject to terms of service and applicable privacy policy (/terms-of-service & /privacy-policy). Patch 1.49 is a patch that was released for Dying Light on May 5, 2022. Uses DUALSHOCK 4 vibration function Remote Play allows users to connect to and play games on their PlayStation®4 or PlayStation®5 using a mobile device, PC, or another PlayStation®4 or PlayStation®5. ![]() Online features require an account and are subject to our terms of service (/terms-of-service), our privacy policy (/privacy-policy), and the game publisher’s privacy policy. A paid-for PlayStation Plus membership is required. Experience the Hellraid mode with improved balancing and smoother gameplay! Now the dungeon encounters are even more satisfying! Offline single player Online multiplayer (2-5 players). ![]() Complete bounties to get all thirteen new Hellraid weapon blueprints! You’ll craft them with Weapon Remnants found in the Hellraid chest. Are you willing to make the trade? Purchase wands and the Shock Bearer in the Hellraid Shop, and carry them to Harran! Time to bring some magic to the surface, IF you can handle it. However it's not perfect, and I see why ppl might complain, albeit different reasons.A new weapon has made it to the dungeon! Complete the Loaded for the Undead bounty, and wreak havoc in the temple like never before with Deathbringer-the one and only firearm available in Hellraid! Enjoy the reworked armory! Now it will store all of your Hellraid weapons and items! Discover new Crystal consumables in the Raid Mode! Each offers a unique, strong buff, but remember… Power always comes with a price. Other than that tho, I like the level design and enemy skins and secrets hidden all around the dlc. Finally completed it on the third run but that so called "loot" in the so called "vault" kinda sucked lol. Then one of us died the second time, and it respawned me at the very beginning before you even enter instead of spawning where I died and we had to start over again. One of us fast traveled and it teleported my friend to a random previous part of the map, and he kept trying to fast travel after that but it kept teleporting him to the same spot, and we couldn't proceed and had to start over because it closes off every room after you open another one. Also my friend and I experienced some pretty crappy glitches too on Xbox. Theres also some inspiration from an old super obscure 1983 horror anthology film called Nightmares, where a gaming-obsessed Emilio Estevez got trapped inside of an arcade machine. What the fuck was the loot in the vault lol my buddy and I did it on nightmare and we were expecting actual loot and weapons, not chests full of dogshit hellraid coins. We do encourage original content, however. Unmarked posts will be removed and member subject to severe punishment. Full rules: Ġ8: NSFW Content - Posts containing NSFW or explicit content must be properly marked as NSFW. ![]() No more than about 10% of what you post should be your brand, even if you're not monetized or profiting from it. ![]() Shit-posting, spam, low-quality and contextless images/screenshots/GIFs are not allowed.Ġ5: Do not discuss cheating, duplication, piracy, hacking or exploitation.Ġ6: "Witch Hunting" - Naming and shaming other players will lead to punishment.Ġ7: No advertising / self promotion. Discord) and referrals will be removed.Ġ4: Content must be directly related to Dying Light's franchise. No racism, sexism, homophobia, slurs, or other hateful language.Ġ2: Spoilers must be marked and tag included in title.Ġ3: No affiliate links - Amazon, GMG tap links, etc. Dying Light, Dying Light 2 and Dying Light: Bad Blood are first person zombie survival games developed by Techland.Ġ1: Be Civil - Do not attack other posters. Riders must be 46 inches or accompanied by an adult. There are 16 ride vehicles each holding two to three riders for a total capacity of 28 - 32 per cycle. Safari Stampede: Bring on the herd, as this “matterhorn-style” ride spins you and one or two of your friends. There are six cups and saucers that can seat up to 24 people per ride. Jack’s Tea Party: Adults and children can join in this tea party of sorts, while the table top spins, riders manually spin their own tea cups. Riders must be 48 inches tall to ride or at least 36 inches tall and accompanied by an adult. Riders must be 46 inches tall to ride or accompanied by an adult.ĭust Devil: Stir things up a bit with this classic “scrambler-type” ride as three arms with clusters of cars weave and rotate to really kick up the fun. ![]() Whirligigs: This free-spinning attraction rotates on a pond that makes each whirligig move in its own chaotic motion while the level rises. Riders must be 42 inches tall.Ĭondor Craze: The condors are circling above and guests below need to look alive in this bumper car style attraction. The train has four cars with two rows each, seating two per row. The coaster is 1,320 feet long and can reach speeds up to 25 mph. Sea Dragon: This fully restored coaster features a double out and back, figure-eight layout that begins with a 37 foot hill. Minimum height of accompanied riders is 44 inches. Riders must be 56 inches tall or accompanied by an adult. With a fourth of the ride 38 feet in the air, this is sure to thrill. Jungle River Falls: 1,250 feet of log flume splashing fun that includes two drops one plummeting guests from 36 feet and the other from 28 feet. A complete list of rides at JJL from the website: The park is anchored by the classic Sea Dragon junior wooden coaster, the 2nd oldest operating coaster in Ohio. JJL features a decent amount of lightly-themed flat rides, and has always seemed to have a decent crowd. ![]() The area is the brainchild of longtime Zoo PR member Suzi Rapp, who regularly appears with Jack on Letterman, GMA, and the CBS Early Show. This is simply a must do if you head to the zoo, and it’s included with admission to either park. Throughout the day, you can meet and touch several of the zoo’s residents, including snakes and alligators, and also see stage demonstrations with cheetahs (as close as a few feet away, on leashes), Lynx cats, and some primates. You can see the daily “Walk of the Flamingos”, where the pink birds are walked freely from the exhibit inside the zoo out to their area in the village. The “village” is a collection of buildings in the old Key West style, mixing several different types of architecture with bright, tropical colors. Every day offers a new encounter and a new way to connect to the Zoo on a personal level. You may come face to face with a wallaby or see a cheetah on stage. Located in Jungle Jack’s Landing, this unique area gives you, the Zoo guest, a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make a close, personal connection with some of the animals that call the Zoo home. I’ll break the rest of the report down by individual park, with the photos included for the Zoombezi Bay and Columbus Zoo portions. ![]() The rides in Jungle Jack’s Landing work on a ticket/point system, but a very reasonable POP wristband is available. Zoo admission is included with a Zoombezi Bay ticket, and admission to Jungle Jack’s Landing and the Animal Encounters Village is included with Zoo or Zoombezi Bay admission. The ticket booths are outside the main plaza, and you can choose to buy a Zoo admission ($12 for adults, with discount tickets available at Kroger), or a Zoombezi Bay admission ($30 at the gate, discount tickets available at Kroger). If you turn left at the plaza, you’ll find yourself on a wide path that takes you to the Animal Encounters Village, Jungle Jack’s Landing, and at the end of the path you’ll find the main entrance for Zoombezi Bay. If you go straight through the plaza, you’ll pass thru the main entrance for the Zoo and Aquarium. ![]() The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium was recently ranked as the number 1 zoo in the country, after spending years in the #2 spot, behind the San Diego Zoo.Īs you approach the Zoo from parking lot (on foot or on the free trolley service), you come to a gorgeous new entrance plaza which features food and drink, a gift shop, and guest services all situated around a large globe sculpture and fountain. For those of you who haven’ t made the trip, I cannot tell you how much you are missing. Over the weekend, I had the great opportunity to take my family to the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium for their “Media Appreciation Days,” a weekend every summer where working members of the media are invited into the park. ![]() Generally, it’s critical to implement an efficient storage solution if the number of concurrent read and writes operations are more.įurthermore, we should also consider the cost and complexity of the existing strategies for managing concurrent read and write operations. Additionally, we need to estimate the expected workload. The first step in designing an efficient storage solution is understanding the implications of concurrent read and write operations. Let’s discuss how to design a solution for efficient storage with four simple steps: Now we know the various techniques which can handle concurrent read and write operations. It requires additional space on the physical storage device, resulting in the reduction of overall system capacity. As a result, it increases the system’s complexity.Ĭaching is another method that can reduce the impact of concurrent read and write operations by temporarily storing data in a separate, high-speed memory location. ![]() The main disadvantage of this technique is that it requires additional coordination between multiple processes. It’s a value stored in memory, and different processes can modify it. The usage of exclusive locks may create scenarios where readers and writers compete for access to the same resource, potentially resulting in a bottleneck.Ī semaphore is a synchronization object that controls access by multiple processes or threads to shared resources in a parallel programming environment. Additionally, the writers need to obtain a lock before writing. The readers need to acquire a lock before reading. When a process or thread holds an exclusive lock on a resource, no other process or thread can access or modify the resource until we release the lock.Įxclusive locks are easy to use but not efficient in practice. Exclusive locks are the most straightforward technique for handling concurrent read and write operations. |